A 2015 study found that colorectal cancer patients who consumed 4 cups per day (or more) of total coffee experienced a reduced hazard ratio (HR) of 42% over Coffee abstainers. This essentially meant that patients who did not consume 4 or more cups of coffee were at 42% higher risk for recurrence or mortality. The study included nearly 1,000 patients, filled out dietary pattern questionnaires at inception of the study, and then again about a year later. All study participants were treated with standard stage III CRC treatment, and had greatest benefit from consuming 4 or more cups per day, according to the study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Two to three cups had moderate benefit, while very little benefits were associated with one cup or less. Increased caffeine intake in general also displayed similar significant reduction in risk, whereas non-herbal tea and decaffeinated coffee were not associated with benefits.
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